{"id":6959,"date":"2021-04-20T13:32:56","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T13:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fhmsihr.org\/ar\/?p=6959"},"modified":"2021-04-20T13:32:56","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T13:32:56","slug":"sovereignty-identity-social-contract","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fhmsihr.org\/ar\/sovereignty-identity-social-contract\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oYdcDoubRVs<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 <\/strong>Westphalian sovereignty<\/p>\n

\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 Westphalian sovereignty \u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0634\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629\u0650\u00a0-\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064f\u062a\u0652 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u0650\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u0650\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649-\u060c\u00a0\u00a0\u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064e\u00a0\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0652\u064a\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u0650\u00a0-\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0652\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645-)[2]<\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (37-1657)\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 trait\u00e9s de Westphalia \u00a0\u0635\u0644\u062d\u064f \u0648\u0633\u062a\u06a4\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u00a0\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064f \u0648\u0633\u062a\u06a4\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 <\/strong>\u00a0(Peace of Westphalia<\/em>)\u200f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064c\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1648 \u064824 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1648.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064f \u0635\u0644\u062d\u064f \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0650 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong>. \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u00a0\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0650\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u0647\u064e\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

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1- \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n

2- \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645..) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n

3- <\/strong>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c 1795). <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0639 \u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0631\u063a\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a”<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a”<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n